10-31-08, Bruce Philpott’s Response to Marvin Owen’s 10-14-08 Letter in the Glendale News-Press, “Fires need a full response team”

Letter writer Marvin Owen, a retired Glendale fire captain (Fires need a full response team, Oct. 14, 2008), tries to make the argument, in contrast to my proposal of staffing with three, that an engine company staffed with four firefighters can safely enter a burning building and extinguish the fire while a three-person engine company is not safe. He is wrong on both counts. He cites an example where his three-person engine company had a difficult time trying to extinguish a structure fire. Mr. Owen must have retired before OSHA adopted new safety standards in 1998 requiring a four-person entry team, or else the anecdotal story of his three-member crew would be in direct violation of this statute that was designed for firefighter safety. Violations carry sanctions.

 

It seems like simple math: a four-person engine company could meet the requirements of a four-person entry team where a three-person engine company could not. But, the math is misleading. Numerous retired fire chiefs that I have consulted and the following organizations all agree that a four-person engine company has insufficient staff to assemble the required four-person entry team: Cal Fire, the National Fire Protection Association, the state firefighters union, the International Association of Firefighters and the Los Angeles City Fire Department.

 

This is primarily due to the fact that fire personnel on the first arriving engine have important functions to perform in preparation for the entry team. These functions include, but are not limited to: (1) the fire engineer is assigned to a fixed position at the controls of the pump that assures and regulates water flow to the attack hose  (this is a safety issue mandated by the National Fire Protection Association, an agency the Glendale Fire Department often references as an authoritative body), (2) another firefighter must lay down the hydrant and attack hoses and determine if the building is occupied, (3) the captain on the first arriving engine is the incident commander and he must evaluate the conditions on the ground and direct the activities of the incoming resources to maximize their effectiveness. The second engine company, will bring the additional firefighters for the entry team. According to the Glendale Fire Department’s records, the second engine company arrives, on average, in less than one minute after the first engine on structure fire calls. By the time the second engine arrives, the necessary preparations have been completed and the four-person entry team that conforms to OSHA’s safety requirements can be activated.

 

Although some are reluctant to admit this, when pressed, the earlier referenced fire organizations – including the two fire unions -- acknowledge that the first two engine companies, when staffed with three, have sufficient resources to assemble the four-person entry team. This time simple math prevails.

 

While the Glendale Fire Department still uses the required four-person entry team to justify staffing all engine companies with four firefighters, this argument no longer passes the tests of logic and sound reasoning. In fact, after reading the administrative report over the last two years on structure fire incidents, there was never an incident where the first engine company attempted to make entry. In each of the ten structure fires, there was a minimum of two engine companies and one truck company at the scene before entry was made. This is one urban myth that should be put to rest, especially when it carries a $9 million annual price tag. 

 

To further support my proposal that routine staffing with three is safe and cost-effective, the Glendale Fire Department acknowledges that a three-person engine company is all that is needed to back up the two firefighter-paramedic ambulances on medical calls that account for 89% of their total emergency runs. Recently, Glendale fire management described the function of the fourth firefighter on medical calls as either a ‘grief counselor’ or a ‘security guard’. When unusual events occur, the fire department can muster, in short order, hundreds of firefighters at one location due to a very effective mutual aid system that has been in place for years.

 

Having audited thousands of emergency responses by the fire department, I am unable to detect the need for more than three firefighters on engine companies in routine operations that occur daily in providing safe and effective services. Many other city work crews who also respond routinely on emergency calls can make the same claim as the fire department for additional staffing based upon rare events occurring in their assigned duties. These include crews from the water, power, public works and police departments. They, like fire crews, occasionally experience situations where another crew member would have been desirable, such as when a fully loaded downed power line is thrashing around violently in the street or when a sewer main rupture is threatening to contaminate ground water or when a mentally ill person is threatening others with a knife. In each of these cases, the emergency crews are trained to assess the circumstances and know when it is safe to act and when it is prudent to wait for additional resources. Staffing for rare and unusual events for one city workforce and not others is inconsistent policy and expensive. This flies in the face of common sense as it applies to safety in that the non-fire city work crews have higher fatality rates.

 

I continue to make myself available to participate in a healthy discussion of the issues. With $9 million at stake and the fact that we are experiencing an economic downturn of historical proportions, all stakeholders should be interested and willing to participate in a process that could lead to significant reductions in the city’s general fund budget. Perhaps Mr. Muir from Ventura (Glad to hear from someone in know, Oct. 16, 2008) who, by the way, lives in a city that staffs engine companies at the level that I propose, in wanting to discredit me, would help his cause by bringing his ‘experts’ to a debate. That would be a welcomed act in advancing this discussion.

 

Ultimately, this staffing policy rests with the city council. But hope of any objective and reasoned evaluation of this issue at the council level is tempered by other factors. An editorial piece in the Los Angeles Times on 10-17-08 puts this issue in perspective by stating, “The argument – valid enough – is that elected officials often rely on union donations to their campaigns and afterward feel obligated to approve new perks for union employees”.

 

This kind of support and protection by elected officials drives a wedge between union self interests and innovations and reforms that are based upon fact-driven analysis. A majority of the Glendale city council, as it is presently constituted, is willing to protect this union’s self interests for the reasons the editorial identified.

 

It may come to pass that, after a further period of declining city revenues and burgeoning expenditures, untenable deficits and desperation will force the city to reconsider this expensive and needless staffing policy. The only other answer would be a grass roots movement of citizens and taxpayers who can no longer afford the financial obligations the city is demanding, and demands in seeking more revenues are already on the drawing boards.

 

 

Bruce Philpott

(818)240-8949 

Brcphilpott1@aol.com